Green peas start to spread in the Indian peninsula at least 3500 years ago.
It’s mostly thought that the origin of green peas is India and from there it propagated to Asia, Africa, and Latin America and Also, it was widely consumed in southern Asia.
Green peas became the main source of protein for the population of the Indian peninsula. While in India it’s considered of the popular side plates which are served with Roti and rice.

Green peas today

Now, green peas are cultivated widely all over the equatorial and semi-equatorial areas.
Also, the world production of green peas is estimated at about 4.49 million tons and India produces 63% of this tonnage.
In Africa, it participates in about 21% of the international production, i.e. 1.05 million tons, and Tanzania Malawi and Mozambique and Also, Uganda are the main producers in Africa.
India dominates the market where it has 72% of the total cultivated surface area of green peas. Also, Indian green peas are characterized by being very resistant to dryness, where they can be cultivated in areas with rainfall less than 650 mm.

The valid soil for green peas cultivation

Green peas are cultivated in all muddy and sandy lands and Also, soils with good draining and ventilation. The pH of the soil is suitable at 5.5-6.8.
Green peas are cultivated in high-rise areas and semi-desert during 3-11 months and in boundary areas, to valleys, it’s cultivated during 3-11 months and in valleys during 11-12 months of the year.
Method of green peas cultivation
If it’s cultivated by water spraying/spray irrigation, then the land is divided into furrows with each one is 60-70 cm wide.
Also, seeds are placed in holes 2-4 cm deep and the spacing between plants is 7cm for short class and 15 cm for tall class.
The seeds are cultivated by the dry method, i.e. in dry soil and after cultivation, it’s irrigated or can be cultivated in wetland, and then it’s slightly irritating.

Steps of green peas cultivation

At first, the soil should be plowed and some organic fertilizers are added and furrows are made, and that fertilizer is rich in phosphorous, potassium, and nitrogen is put in the soil because nitrogen promotes the growth of leaves. Then supports are placed in the soil in order that green peas branches climb them and this step should be done before cultivation in order not to affect the roots and cutting them.
Seeds are cultivated before 4-6 weeks of last frost season in spring and Also, seeds are cultivated 2-3 cm deep from the soil surface.
After that soil is irrigated slightly to maintain soil humidity because soil dryness causes poor pods. Also, harmful weeds should be removed in order not to affect the weak roots of green peas.

Service after green peas cultivation

Patching and cultivating missing holes after ten days.
Reduction, where one plant is left in holes and excess plants are removed.
The harmful weeds are mowed when necessary.
But it’s necessary to do superficial mowing because green peas are shallow and when cut it will prevent flowering.
The seeds should be irrigated and this should be stopped until complete germination.
In the case of dry soil then it should be slightly irritated.
Also, the irrigation periods will be longer during growth for helping roots to deepen.
When the flowering stage arrives, then irrigation is stopped but with avoidance of excess dryness.
At the stage of pods, growth water is more needed for increasing the number of pods and to increase seeds.

Green peas harvest

Often, the harvest is performed in the morning.
Also, green peas are regularly and periodically harvested/picked to promote the growth of new pods.
This process should be done gently in order to save the plant from cutting and damage.
After that, it’s possible to store green peas in the fridge for 5 days and can be frozen or dried.

Green peas peeling

Green peas peeling is an old habit in India and they use several traditional methods to peel it.
The wet method, where the green peas are soaked with water and then dries in the sun, and after that, it’s peeled.
The dry method uses water and oil and Also, drying in the sun to remove the crust.
The crust is removed after that in mechanical mills.
Important advice for green peas cultivation
If green peas didn’t grow, then they can be re-cultivated at end of summer and the start of fall.
Cultivate green peas every two years at the same place to save soil and prevent diseases.
Green peas are preferred to be cultivated under 21°C of temperature.

Benefits of green pea

• Green peas are considered as one of the best vegetable sources of proteins, where it’s the optimal choice for vegetarians and it contains large amounts of fibers which increase the feeling of satisfaction.
• Green peas help to improve the health of bones and muscles. Also, green peas increase the appetite-reducing hormones and
• Also, proteins and fibers in green peas act to slow digestion which increases the feeling of fullness for longer times.
• Also, green peas act to regulate the level of blood sugar because the glycemic index in green peas is low.
• Fibers present in green peas act to slow down the absorption of carbs and reduce blood sugar gradually.
• Studies have shown that having foods rich in proteins helps control blood sugar.
• Green peas facilitate food digestion because it’s suitable for useful intestine bacteria and facilitate defecating.
• Green peas reduce the risk of having digestive system diseases such as infectious bowel disease, colon cancer, and neural colitis.
• Green peas have antioxidants and therefore it protects against cancer.
• Also, green peas contain saponin compounds which are well-known anti-cancers.
• Also, green peas reduce the chance of the growth of cancer tumors.
• Green peas contain nutrients that reduce the risk of having cancers such as vitamin K.
• The nutritional value of green peas makes it a reason for protecting the body from chronic diseases such as cardiac diseases.
• Green peas have nutrients that help to improve heart health such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium because these nutrients act to prevent hypertension and are one of the disposing factors of having heart diseases.
• Also, green peas help reduce blood cholesterol levels which reduces the chances of having heart diseases.

The nutritional value of green peas (per 100 grams of a green pea)

• Green peas contain 79 calories.
• Green peas contain 5.62 gram proteins.
• Green peas contain 4.49 gram sugars.
• Green peas contain 4.5 gram fivers.
• Green peas contain 13.48 gram of carbohydrates.
• Green peas contain 0.81 mg iron.
• Green peas contain 6.7 mg vitamin C.
• Green peas contain 449 IU of vitamin A.
• Green peas contain 225 mg sodium.